De Schumpeter a los postschumpeterianos: viejas y nuevas dimensiones analíticas

Gabriel Yoguel - Florencia Barletta - Mariano Pereira
IADE

Este artículo discute las principales ideas de Schumpeter e identifica cambios y rupturas en su pensamiento a lo largo de sus obras. Su principal contribución es explicarla dinámica de desenvolvimiento económico a partir de la emergencia de procesos de destrucción creativa que tienen lugar bajo distintas formas de competencia.



Muchos años después esta herencia fue relevante para el desarrollo de la teoría evolucionista y neoschumpeteriana. Se presentan además los elementos ausentes en su pensamiento, desarrollados con posterioridad por la literatura evolucionista y neoschumpeteriana. Entre ellos destacan la importancia de los procesos de aprendizajes y desarrollo de competencias en las firmas, los mecanismos difusión de las innovaciones y el papel de las instituciones.

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US succumbing to tyranny of endless war

Global Times

Editor's Note:

A rash of security issues inside and outside the US, from the Snowden case to the relations with Iran, has put the spotlight on Washington. Will Snowden trigger a domino effect that ensures more whistle-blowers? Will US diplomacy continue to be dominated by the Pentagon, rather than the Department of State? Lawrence B. Wilkerson (Wilkerson), a retired US Army colonel and the former chief of staff for Colin Powell who served as US secretary of state from 2001 to 2005, shared his ideas with the Global Times (GT) on these issues.

Lawrence B. Wilkerson

GT: You said in a recent media interview that Edward Snowden was not a symptom, but a disease, caused by the "never-ending culture of war," and that the US government is a "draconian government" and a "tyranny." Why do you call the US a tyranny?

Wilkerson: First, the US is not a pure democracy and has never been one. It is a democratic federal republic. Second, with the so-called War on Terror, that republic has made war its raison d'être.

My fellow Virginian, James Madison, wrote eloquently of how a constant state of war breeds tyranny. The Patriot Act, the FISA Amendments Act, the NSA surveillance programs, the national security letter, the legal inclusion of the armed forces in domestic law enforcement, all of these are acts of tyranny.

Benjamin Franklin is supposed to have said that we had created a republic - if we could keep it. Since 1972, Americans unfortunately have not been keeping it very well. 

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Paul Krugman: One Reform, Indivisible

NY Times

Recent political reporting suggests that Republican leaders are in a state of high anxiety, trapped between an angry base that still views Obamacare as the moral equivalent of slavery and the reality that health reform is the law of the land and is going to happen. 

But those leaders don’t deserve any sympathy. For one thing, that irrational base is a Frankenstein monster of their own creation. Beyond that, everything I’ve seen indicates that members of the Republican elite still don’t get the basics of health reform — and that this lack of understanding is in the process of turning into a major political liability.

On the unstoppability of Obamacare: We have this system in which Congress passes laws, the president signs them, and then they go into effect. The Affordable Care Act went through this process, and there is no legitimate way for Republicans to stop it. 

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Michael Klare: How to fry a planet

Al-Jazeera

When it comes to energy and economics in the climate-change era, nothing is what it seems. Most of us believe (or want to believe) that the second carbon era, the Age of Oil, will soon be superseded by the Age of Renewables, just as oil had long since superseded the Age of Coal. President Obama offered exactly this vision in a much-praised June address on climate change. True, fossil fuels will be needed a little bit longer, he indicated, but soon enough they will be overtaken by renewable forms of energy.

Many other experts share this view, assuring us that increased reliance on "clean" natural gas combined with expanded investments in wind and solar power will permit a smooth transition to a green energy future in which humanity will no longer be pouring carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. All this sounds promising indeed. There is only one fly in the ointment: it is not, in fact, the path we are presently headed down. The energy industry is not investing in any significant way in renewables. Instead, it is pouring its historic profits into new fossil-fuel projects, mainly involving the exploitation of what are called "unconventional" oil and gas reserves.

The result is indisputable: humanity is not entering a period that will be dominated by renewables. Instead, it is pioneering the third great carbon era, the Age of Unconventional Oil and Gas.

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Canadá pode fazer acordo de cooperação com Mercosul, diz Patriota

Agencia Brasil

Rio de Janeiro - O Canadá poderá fazer um acordo de cooperação com o Mercosul. Segundo o ministro de Relações Exteriores, Antonio Patriota, o assunto foi discutido hoje (8) com o ministro canadense de Negócios Estrangeiros, John Baird, durante a 2ª Reunião do Diálogo de Parceria Estratégia Brasil-Canadá, no Hotel Fasano, em Ipanema, no Rio de Janeiro.

De acordo com Patriota, Mercosul e Canadá estão em fase negociação para definir como seria a cooperação. "Há interesse no setor privado brasileiro no acordo e o lado canadense tem demonstrado flexibilidade para desenvolvermos um quadro de aproximação específico e sob medida das características do Mercosul e do Canadá. O governo vê interesse na aproximação. Vamos trabalhar para levá-la adiante", disse Patriota.

Os dois países estão acertando também o funcionamento do Fórum de Altos Executivos, a exemplo do que existe entre Brasil e Estados Unidos. O ministro disse que entre os benefícios que foram atingidos com o Fórum de Altos Executivos com os Estados Unidos estão a facilitação na concessão de vistos, a abertura de novos consulados norte-americanos no Brasil e a simplificação de procedimentos.

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El capitalismo necesita creer que es inmortal para poder existir

Jean-Pierre Dupuy, Julien Vercueil, Agnès Labrousse
IADE

Profesor de ciencias políticas en la universidad de Standford (California), Jean-Pierre Dupuy es también profesor emérito de filosofía social y política en la Escuela Politécnica, miembro de la Academia de las tecnologías, presidente del Comité de ética y de deontología del Instituto francés de Radioprotección y de Seguridad nuclear, y director de investigaciones de la Fundación Imitatio.

Sus obras más recientes son: The Mechanization of the Mind (Princeton University Press, 2000); Pour un catastrophisme éclairé (Seuil, 2002); Avions-nous oublié le mal? Penser la politique après le 11 septembre (Bayard, 2002); La Panique (Les empêcheurs de penser en rond, 2003); Petite métaphysique des tsunamis (Seuil, 2005); Retour de Tchernobyl:Journal d’un homme en colère (Seuil, 2006); On the Origins of Cognitive Science (The MIT Press, 2009); Dans l’oeil du cyclone (Carnets Nord, 2009); La Marque du sacré (Carnets Nord, 2009; Flammarion, colección Champs, 2010; (premio Roger Caillois de ensayo); L’Avenir de l’économie. Sortir de l’économystification (Flammarion, 2012); Penser l’arme nucléaire (PUF, de próxima publicación).

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Joseph Nye: Surveillance and American Liberty

Project Syndicate

CAMBRIDGE – Ever since Edward J. Snowden disclosed the National Security Agency’s ongoing collection of massive amounts of electronic-communications data generated by United States citizens and non-citizens alike, attention has been lavished on his personal status. But the more important issue, even before Russia granted him temporary asylum, is the status of American civil liberties. Is the US guilty of hypocrisy, as Russia, China, and others have charged?

Illustration by Tim Brinton

To answer that question, it is important to distinguish between two issues that have become conflated in public debate: electronic espionage against foreign entities and domestic surveillance of a government’s own citizens.

Before Snowden’s disclosures, cyber espionage had become a major point of contention in US-China relations. It was discussed at the June “shirt-sleeves summit” between Presidents Barack Obama and Xi Jinping, and the two governments agreed to create a special working group on the issue.

The US accuses China of using cyber espionage to steal intellectual property on an unprecedented scale. Among other public sources, it could point to a study by the cyber-security firm Mandiant, which traced many such attacks to a People’s Liberation Army facility in Shanghai. China counters that it is also the victim of innumerable cyber intrusions, many originating in the US.

Read more at http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/snowden-s-disclosures-and-american-civil-liberties-by-joseph-s--nye#ULZMXSDiWMk1Rjsy.99